09/04/2015

First approximation:

Ionosphere extends from 85 km - 400 km  above the ground.
Average height of ionosphere = (85+400)/2 = (242.5)km above the ground.

Ionosphere can be considered as d = 240 km

Ground: Can be considered as d = 0



The Potential difference is measurable as approximately 300KV between ground and ionosphere.  V = 300 kV

V = E x d  

 
Electric Field is
E = V / d 
  = 300,000 V /  240,000 m
  = 1.25 V/m


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there is about 1.25 volts/metre electric field at maximum effect.
This is due to a potential difference of 300 KV between ground and ionosphere.
This is like the voltage generated by 1 AA cell batteries every metre vertically.

The electric field is muffled by the atmosphere, so the electric field lines become more complicated.
This is similar to how the electric field is muffled in an "electrolytic capacitor",so the the electric field lines become more  complicated.


The electric field lines get through the atmosphere when there is changing charge distribution. The atmosphere takes time to react to the change.
i.e The electric field lines get through the atmosphere when there is a wave through the ground.
i.e The electric field lines get through the atmosphere when a ground wave occurs.
And the electric field can be as large as 1.25 volts/metre at maximum effect, but might usually be smaller.
And the electric field can create a voltage as large as 1 AA cells every metre in a vertical direction, but might usually be smaller.

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[If you disbelieve this,then study the complicated electric field in an electrolytic capacitor.
An electrolytic capacitor has ionic liquid(fluid) between the capacitor plates.
The ground-ionosphere system of the earth has a gas(fluid) between the ground and the ionosphere, so it is similar.

The Oxygen and Nitrogen gas molecules in the atmosphere of the earth are not an electrolyte, but they act similar to an electrolyte.
The electric field of the earth is muffled probably by "temporary electric dipoles" that occur due to displacement of quantum "electron clouds"
in atoms of the Oxygen and Nitrogen gas molecules.]


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